With the gradual refinement of urban space in China, the aesthetic quality of the urban visual environment has been getting more attention. Urban colour, one of the visual aesthetic elements, is a significant carrier of urban characteristics, sociocultural and history in cultural policies. As a type of cultural capital, it provides creative methods to approach problems of economic, environmental, social, and especially cultural sustainability. The interdisciplinary theory of urban planning is innovatively applied to guide, coordinate, and advance the sustainable production of urban colour in China. The objectives of this study are to: (a) explain the way urban colour is produced through the urban planning system in Chinese context; (b) elaborate affecting factors related to urban colour sustainability from the perspective of planning strategies and cultural policies; (c) propose sustainable planning strategies of urban colour production. To answer the above questions, we reviewed over 200 articles, plans, and official documents, and conducted several semi-structured interviews. The results show that the Chinese municipal government has regarded urban planning strategies and policies as a strategic tool for achieving sustainable urban colour development. Our discoveries would expend the research and application on the aesthetics of cities through the contextual analysis of Chinese urban colour planning system. By exploring the points of planning strategies and cultural policies, it also fills gaps in the literature on the sustainability of urban colour.