In 2018, Shanghai launched a campaign to renovate the facade of old residential areas. With the renovation of the facade of these residential buildings, problems such as chaotic colors, dull colors, and strongly conflicting colors of walls have increasingly occurred. In this article, the color data of building samples were obtained by field investigation and the color attribute grading evaluation of residential buildings was carried out by introducing evaluation factors; thus, the evaluation results of these buildings were finally obtained. Based on the analysis of the quantity and proportion of each color attribute at different evaluation levels, the color characteristics of residential buildings in Shanghai were finally summarized. Overall, Shanghai residential buildings are "warm colored" in hue, "bright" in lightness, and "partial white" in chromaticness. The research results provide theoretical support for the forward-looking and scientific nature of color planning for residential buildings in the future and can serve as a reference for the selection of the main colors of building walls.