PAM/PEI polymer gel for water control in high-temperature and high-pressure conditions:Core flooding with crossflow effect

Zulhelmi Amir; Ismail Mohd Saaid; Badrul Mohamed Jan; Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah; Munawar Khalil; Wan Zairani Wan Bakar

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.39, No.3, 605-615, March, 2022

DOI10.1007/s11814-021-1006-y Export Citation

PAM/PEI polymer gel for water control in high-temperature and high-pressure conditions:Core flooding with crossflow effect

Zulhelmi Amir^{1, 2, †}, Ismail Mohd Saaid³, Badrul Mohamed Jan^{1, 2}, Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah^{1, 2}, Munawar Khalil⁴, and Wan Zairani Wan Bakar⁵

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
²Center for Energy Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
³Petroleum Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
⁴Department of Chemistry, FMIPA Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
⁵Oil & Gas Department, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

E-mail:

Polymer gel has been established as a water shut-off control agent for improved oil recovery. The role of the polymer gel in conformance control is to divert injected water from high permeability to low permeability zones of the reservoir. This paper presents a series of core flooding tests performed to investigate the propagation, blocking capability, permeability reduction and diverting performance of various mixtures of polymer gels at simulated reservoir condition. In this particular study, a core flooding scheme with crossflow effect using composite core has permeability contrast. Core flooding test with crossflow effect simulates reservoirs with communication between reservoir permeability layers. Experimental results show that PAM/PEI polymer gel reinforced with solid silica NP has been proven to provide satisfactory gel strength to divert water flow, thus recovering an additional 24% of oil. This reinforced PAM/PEI polymer gel tends to recover more trapped oil compared to weakened PAM/PEI polymer gel without solid particles. These results give better understanding and provide additional knowledge of strengthening gel by addition of solid particles, which could be the remedy for the weakened polymer gel.

Keywords:Polymer Gel;Organic Crosslinker;Water Control;Core Flooding;Cross Flow

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[1] Liang Y, Ning Y, Liao L, Yuan B, in Formation damage during improved oil recovery, Elsevier (2018).

[2] Nabzar L, in Panorama 2011: Water in fuel production-Oil production and refining, Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP), France (2011).

[3] Parshall J, Whitfield S, Jacobs T, J. Pet. Technol., 69(5), 22 (2017)

[4] Zheng J, Chen B, Thanyamanta W, Hawboldt K, Zhang B, Liu B, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 104(1-2), 7 (2016)

[5] Sydansk RD, Romero-Zern L, in Reservoir conformance improvement. society of petroleum engineers, Richardson, Texas (2011).

[6] Borling D, Chan K, Hughes T, Sydansk R, Oilfield Rev., 6(2), 44 (1994)

[7] Seright RS, SPE Prod Facil, 10(4), 241 (1995)

[8] Seright RS, Lee R SPE Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conference (1998).

[9] Sydansk RD, Seright RS, SPE Prod Oper, 22(2), 236 (2007)

[10] Kabir AH, SPE Asia Pacific Improved Oil Recovery Conference (2001).

[11] Prada A, Civan F, Dalrymple ED, SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium (2000).

[12] Al-Muntasheri GA, Nasr-El-Din HA, Peters J, Zitha PLJ, SPE J., 11(4), 497 (2006)

[13] Amir Z, Said IM, Jan BM, Polym. Adv. Technol., 30(1), 13 (2019)

[14] Seright R, Zhang G, Akanni O, Wang D, J. Can. Pet. Technol., 51(5), 393 (2012)

[15] Wang D, Seright RS, Pet. Sci., 18(4), 1097 (2021)

[16] Zhao H, Zhao P, Bai B, Xiao L, Liu L, J. Can. Pet. Technol., 45(5), 49 (2006)

[17] Sharqawy MH, Lienhard JH, Zubair SM, Desalination Water Treat., 16(1-2), 354 (2010)

[18] Wang J, AlSofi AM, AlBoqmi AM, SPE EOR Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia (2016).

[19] Kujawa P, Audibert-Hayet A, Selb J, Candau F, Macromolecules, 39(1), 384 (2006)

[20] El-Karsani KSM, Al-Muntasheri GA, Sultan AS, Hussein IA, SPE J., 20(5), 1103 (2015)

[21] Al-Muntasheri GA, Sierra L, Garzon FO, Lynn JD, Izquierdo GA, SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium (2010).

[22] El-Karsani KSM, Al-Muntasheri GA, Hussein IA, SPE J., 19(1), 135 (2014)

[23] Al-Muntasheri GA, Sierra L, Bakhtyarov A, U.S. Patent, US20140224489A1 (2014).

[24] Kherb J, Flores SC, Cremer PS, J. Phys. Chem., 116(25), 7389 (2012)

[25] Amir Z, Saaid IM, Jan BM, Khalil M, Patah MFA, Bakar WZW, Polym. Bull., 77(10), 5469 (2020)

[26] Liu Y, Dai C, Wang K, Zou C, Gao M, Fang Y, Zhao M, Wu Y, You Q, Energy Fuels, 31(9), 9152 (2017)

[27] Metin CO, Rankin KM, Nguyen QP, Appl. Nanosci., 4(1), 93 (2014)

[28] Zhao G, Dai C, Chen A, Yan Z, Zhao M, J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 135, 552 (2015)

[29] Amir Z, Saaid IM, Jan BM, Int. J. Polym. Sci., Article ID 2510132 (2018).