Diffusion of Water in Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers

N. R. Manoj; D. Ratna; R. A. Weiss

Macromolecular Research, Vol.12, No.1, 26-31, February, 2004

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Diffusion of Water in Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers

N. R. Manoj^†, D. Ratna, and R. A. Weiss¹

Naval Materials Research Laboratory Anand Nagar, Additional Ambernath-421 506, India
¹Institue of Materials Science University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA

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Using gravimetry, we have studied the diffusion of water into sulfonated polystyrene ionomers. Diffusion coefficients were calculated from Fick’s equation. The water sorption was found to be dependent on the ion content (3.6-11 mol%) and the nature of the cation (H, Na, Li, or Zn). The sorption kinetics indicates a slight deviation from Fickian behavior. We used the analytical solution of Fick’s equation to evaluate the concentration profiles, which are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Keywords:diffusion;sorption;barrier polymers;ionic polymers;ionomers;sulfonated polystyrene.

[References]

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Crank J, Park GS, Diffusion in Polymers, Academic Press, London (1968)
Rossi G, Trends Polym. Sci., 410, 337 (1996)
Rogers CE, Engineering Design for Plastics, E. Baer, Ed., Reinhold, New York, Chapter 9 (1964)
Jones FR, Handbook of Polymer-Fiber Composites, F.R. Jones, Ed., Longman, Scientific, New York, Chapter 6 (1994)
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Eisenberg A, King M, Ion-containing Polymers, Academic Press, New York (1977)
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Staz R, Polym. Prepr., 29, 429 (1988)
Lundberg RD, Agarwal PK, Ind. J. Technol., 31, 400 (1993)
Tant MR, Mauritz KA, Wilkes GL, Ionomers - Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications, Blackie Academic & Professional, New York (1997)
Mani S, Weiss RA, Williams CE, Hahn SF, Macromolecules, 32, 3663 (1985)
Manoj NR, De PP, De SK, Polymer, 34, 2310 (1993)
Kim JS, Kroschwitz JI, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, New York (2002)
MacKnight WJ, Earnest TR, J. Polym. Sci. Macromol. Rev., 16, 41 (1981)
Del Nobile MA, Mensitieri G, Nicolais L, Weiss RA, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 33(8), 1269 (1995)
Eisenberg A, Navratil M, Macromolecules, 6, 604 (1973)
Gravier D, Litt M, Baer E, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 17, 3589 (1979)
Yeo SC, Eisenberg A, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 21, 875 (1977)
Escoubes M, Pineri M, Gauthier S, Eisenberg A, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 29, 1249 (1984)
Brockman NL, Eisenberg A, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 23, 1145 (1985)
Makowski HS, Lundberg RD, Singhal GE, U.S. Patent, 3,870,814 (1975)
Dutta D, Weiss RA, He JS, Polymer, 37(3), 429 (1996)
Helfferich F, Ion Exchange, McGraw-Hill, New York (1962)
Crank J, Mathematics of Diffusion, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1976)
Vergnaud JM, Liquid Transport Processes in Polymeric Materials - Modelling and Industrial Applications, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey (1991)
Chiou JS, Paul DR, Polym. Eng. Sci., 26, 1218 (1986)
Aminabhavi TM, Harlapur SF, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 65(4), 635 (1997)
Hird B, Eisenberg A, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 28, 1665 (1990)
Eisenberg A, Hard B, Moore RB, Macromolecules, 23, 4098 (1990)
Kim JS, Jackman RJ, Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 27(10), 2789 (1994)
Kim JS, Nah YH, Jarng SS, Polymer, 42(13), 5567 (2001)
Itoh YK, Tsujita Y, Takizawa A, Kinoshito T, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 32, 3335 (1986)
Thomas NL, Windle AH, Polymer, 21, 613 (1980)
Gierke TD, Munn GE, Wilson FE, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 19, 1687 (1981)

[1] Zaikov GE, Iordauskii AC, Markin US, Diffusion of Electrolytes in Polymers, VSP, Netherlands (1988)

[2] Crank J, Park GS, Diffusion in Polymers, Academic Press, London (1968)

[3] Rossi G, Trends Polym. Sci., 410, 337 (1996)

[4] Rogers CE, Engineering Design for Plastics, E. Baer, Ed., Reinhold, New York, Chapter 9 (1964)

[5] Jones FR, Handbook of Polymer-Fiber Composites, F.R. Jones, Ed., Longman, Scientific, New York, Chapter 6 (1994)

[6] Felder RM, Huvard GS, Methods of Experimental Physics, Academic Press, London, Chapter 10 (1968)

[7] Eisenberg A, King M, Ion-containing Polymers, Academic Press, New York (1977)

[8] Lundberg RD, Pineri M, Eisenberg A, Structure and Properties of Ionomers, NATO ASI Series, Series C: Mathematical and Physical, 198, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, p. 279 and 429 (1987)

[9] Staz R, Polym. Prepr., 29, 429 (1988)

[10] Lundberg RD, Agarwal PK, Ind. J. Technol., 31, 400 (1993)

[11] Tant MR, Mauritz KA, Wilkes GL, Ionomers - Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications, Blackie Academic & Professional, New York (1997)

[12] Mani S, Weiss RA, Williams CE, Hahn SF, Macromolecules, 32, 3663 (1985)

[13] Manoj NR, De PP, De SK, Polymer, 34, 2310 (1993)

[14] Kim JS, Kroschwitz JI, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, New York (2002)

[15] MacKnight WJ, Earnest TR, J. Polym. Sci. Macromol. Rev., 16, 41 (1981)

[16] Del Nobile MA, Mensitieri G, Nicolais L, Weiss RA, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 33(8), 1269 (1995)

[17] Eisenberg A, Navratil M, Macromolecules, 6, 604 (1973)

[18] Gravier D, Litt M, Baer E, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 17, 3589 (1979)

[19] Yeo SC, Eisenberg A, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 21, 875 (1977)

[20] Escoubes M, Pineri M, Gauthier S, Eisenberg A, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 29, 1249 (1984)

[21] Brockman NL, Eisenberg A, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 23, 1145 (1985)

[22] Makowski HS, Lundberg RD, Singhal GE, U.S. Patent, 3,870,814 (1975)

[23] Dutta D, Weiss RA, He JS, Polymer, 37(3), 429 (1996)

[24] Helfferich F, Ion Exchange, McGraw-Hill, New York (1962)

[25] Crank J, Mathematics of Diffusion, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1976)

[26] Vergnaud JM, Liquid Transport Processes in Polymeric Materials - Modelling and Industrial Applications, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey (1991)

[27] Chiou JS, Paul DR, Polym. Eng. Sci., 26, 1218 (1986)

[28] Aminabhavi TM, Harlapur SF, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 65(4), 635 (1997)

[29] Hird B, Eisenberg A, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 28, 1665 (1990)

[30] Eisenberg A, Hard B, Moore RB, Macromolecules, 23, 4098 (1990)

[31] Kim JS, Jackman RJ, Eisenberg A, Macromolecules, 27(10), 2789 (1994)

[32] Kim JS, Nah YH, Jarng SS, Polymer, 42(13), 5567 (2001)

[33] Itoh YK, Tsujita Y, Takizawa A, Kinoshito T, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 32, 3335 (1986)

[34] Thomas NL, Windle AH, Polymer, 21, 613 (1980)

[35] Gierke TD, Munn GE, Wilson FE, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 19, 1687 (1981)