Preparation of Monodisperse Melamine-Formaldehyde Microspheres via Dispersed Polycondensation

In Woo Cheong; Jin Sup Shin; Jung Hyun Kim; Seung Jun Lee

Macromolecular Research, Vol.12, No.2, 225-232, April, 2004

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Preparation of Monodisperse Melamine-Formaldehyde Microspheres via Dispersed Polycondensation

In Woo Cheong , Jin Sup Shin, Jung Hyun Kim^†, and Seung Jun Lee¹

Nanosphere Process and Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon, Seodaemun, Seoul 120-749, Korea
¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejon 305-701, Korea

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We have successfully synthesized relatively monodisperse and cross-linked melamine-formaldehyde (MF) microspheres by dispersed polycondensation and subsequent pH adjustment with serum replacement cleaning. The average particle sizes (D_w : weight-average and D_n : number-average), the polydispersity index (D_w/D_n), the number of particles N_p, and the gel content of the M-F microspheres were observed by varying the pH, the surfactant concentration, and the polymerization temperature. We observed that both the pH and the polymerization temperature were predominant factors in determining D_n and Np, but the effect that the temperature and pH had on the gel content ( > 94% for all samples) was negligible. The exponents of the slopes of plots of N^p versus pH and surfactant concentration were -10 and 0.6, respectively. Particle nucleation and growth were achieved within short periods; the incessant coagulation occurred even in the presence of surfactants.

Keywords:dispersed polycondensation;melamine-formaldehyde;microsphere;monodisperse;nucleation;particle growth.

[References]

Hohenstein WP, Mark H, J. Polym. Sci., 1, 549 (1946)
Hohenstein WP, Mark H, J. Polym. Sci., 1, 127 (1946)
Schneider WJ, Gast LE, J. Coat. Technol., 51, 53 (1979)
Wegmann A, J. Coat. Technol., 65, 27 (1993)
Li Y, Jingangshi Yu Moliao Moju Gongcheng, 23 (1995)
Zhaoying Z, Yuhui H, Bing L, Guangming C, Eur. Polym. J., 37, 1207 (2001)
Renner A, Makromol. Chem., 120, 68 (1968)
Zubov PI, Vorobeva TA, Vlodavets IN, Kolloidnyi Zhurnal., 32, 609 (1970)
Hulewicz ZZ, Samsel T, Polimery, 23, 18 (1978)
Milotskii VV, Babich SV, Pogorelenko SI, Khim. Promys. Seriya, 21 (1980)
Woods ME, Dodge JS, Krieger IM, Pierce PE, J. Paint Tech., 40, 541 (1968)
Vanderhoff JW, El-Aasser MS, Micale FJ, Sudol ED, Tseng CM, Silwanowicz A, Sheu HR, Kornfeld DM, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 54, 587 (1986)
Ober CK, Lok KP, Macromolecules, 20, 268 (1987)
Okubo M, Katayama Y, Yamamoto Y, Colloid Polym. Sci., 269, 217 (1991)
Okubo M, Shiozaki M, Tsujihiro M, Tsukuda Y, Colloid Polym. Sci., 269, 222 (1991)
Tuin G, Peters ACIA, vanDiemen AJG, Stein HN, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 158, 508 (1993)
Hu R, Dimonie VL, Sudol ED, Elaasser MS, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 55(10), 1411 (1995)
Omi S, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 109, 97 (1996)
Shim SE, Byun JM, Jun J, Cha YJ, Choe S, Polym.(Korea), 24(3), 287 (2000)
Ha YK, Lee HJ, Kim JH, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 145, 281 (1998)
Okubo M, Nakagawa T, Colloid Polym. Sci., 270, 853 (1992)
Okubo M, Yamashita T, Shiozaki M, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 60(7), 1025 (1996)
Ugelstad J, Moerk PC, HerderKaggerud K, Ellingsen T, Berge A, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 13, 101 (1980)
Solomentseva IM, Velichanskaya LA, Teselkin VV, Zapolskii AK, Tikhonov VG, Ukr. Khim. Z., 52, 439 (1986)
Jahromi S, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 200, 2230 (1999)
Kumar A, Katiyar V, Macromolecules, 23, 3729 (1990)
Smith WV, Ewart RH, J. Chem. Phys., 16, 592 (1948)

[Referenced By]

[Related Articles]

[1] Hohenstein WP, Mark H, J. Polym. Sci., 1, 549 (1946)

[2] Hohenstein WP, Mark H, J. Polym. Sci., 1, 127 (1946)

[3] Schneider WJ, Gast LE, J. Coat. Technol., 51, 53 (1979)

[4] Wegmann A, J. Coat. Technol., 65, 27 (1993)

[5] Li Y, Jingangshi Yu Moliao Moju Gongcheng, 23 (1995)

[6] Zhaoying Z, Yuhui H, Bing L, Guangming C, Eur. Polym. J., 37, 1207 (2001)

[7] Renner A, Makromol. Chem., 120, 68 (1968)

[8] Zubov PI, Vorobeva TA, Vlodavets IN, Kolloidnyi Zhurnal., 32, 609 (1970)

[9] Hulewicz ZZ, Samsel T, Polimery, 23, 18 (1978)

[10] Milotskii VV, Babich SV, Pogorelenko SI, Khim. Promys. Seriya, 21 (1980)

[11] Woods ME, Dodge JS, Krieger IM, Pierce PE, J. Paint Tech., 40, 541 (1968)

[12] Vanderhoff JW, El-Aasser MS, Micale FJ, Sudol ED, Tseng CM, Silwanowicz A, Sheu HR, Kornfeld DM, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 54, 587 (1986)

[13] Ober CK, Lok KP, Macromolecules, 20, 268 (1987)

[14] Okubo M, Katayama Y, Yamamoto Y, Colloid Polym. Sci., 269, 217 (1991)

[15] Okubo M, Shiozaki M, Tsujihiro M, Tsukuda Y, Colloid Polym. Sci., 269, 222 (1991)

[16] Tuin G, Peters ACIA, vanDiemen AJG, Stein HN, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 158, 508 (1993)

[17] Hu R, Dimonie VL, Sudol ED, Elaasser MS, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 55(10), 1411 (1995)

[18] Omi S, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 109, 97 (1996)

[19] Shim SE, Byun JM, Jun J, Cha YJ, Choe S, Polym.(Korea), 24(3), 287 (2000)

[20] Ha YK, Lee HJ, Kim JH, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 145, 281 (1998)

[21] Okubo M, Nakagawa T, Colloid Polym. Sci., 270, 853 (1992)

[22] Okubo M, Yamashita T, Shiozaki M, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 60(7), 1025 (1996)

[23] Ugelstad J, Moerk PC, HerderKaggerud K, Ellingsen T, Berge A, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 13, 101 (1980)

[24] Solomentseva IM, Velichanskaya LA, Teselkin VV, Zapolskii AK, Tikhonov VG, Ukr. Khim. Z., 52, 439 (1986)

[25] Jahromi S, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 200, 2230 (1999)

[26] Kumar A, Katiyar V, Macromolecules, 23, 3729 (1990)

[27] Smith WV, Ewart RH, J. Chem. Phys., 16, 592 (1948)