The natural dye substances largely consist of plant, animal and mineral materials, which we can easily and naturally be obtained all around us. It has been widely used all around the world for numerous years. Indigo, as a blue pigment, has been known as one of the oldest natural dyes. Generally, natural dyes have moderate colors and are environmentally friendly, while harmful mordants must be used for fixing them and obtaining a full color range on fabrics and it is very hard to improve K/S of the dyeing and mordanting. In this study, physicochemical characterization of polygoun tinctoria dye substance was investigated, and polygoum tinctoria dyeing was carried out various fabrics according to the various dyeing conditions - fermentation temperature, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and kinds and amounts af alkali. And then the values of K/S according toe dyeing conditions were investigated by colorimeter. Also we investigated to dyefastness against the light, washing, perspiration and friction by KS(Korea Industrial Standard).