Color Research and Application, Vol.23, No.4, 226-233, 1998
Toward a more accurate and extensible colorimetry. Part VI. Improved weighting functions. Preliminary results
This Part VI is a progress report, with two motivations. (1) To publish the new method of extraction of weighting functions, and to show the demonstrated large reduction of tristimulus error in an array of ten disparate visually-matching pairs of white lights, and (2) to attempt to interest others in joining the work. The direct extraction of improved weighting functions (WFs) from an array of visually matching pairs of white lights is the subject of Part VI. This new approach is made necessary by our finding (Part I) that color-matching functions by either the Maxwell method or by the maximum saturation method lead to large errors (discrepancies) in computed chromaticities of pairs of visually-matching lights. Using spectral power distributions (SPDs) of 5 types from Part IV, eight observers make 5 strongly metameric visual matches to the same broadband reference white light, with 1.3 degrees visual field and 70 cd/m(2) luminance of the reference white. Each of the resulting 5 SPDs is averaged over the 8 observers, and the 5 averaged SPDs are formed into 10 pairs (the five averaged visually-matching lights taken two at a time). Tristimulus values X, Y, and Z are computed for each member of each pair by the CIE 1931 weighting functions (color-matching functions) (x) over bar, (y) over bar and (z) over bar. Absolute Delta X, the tristimulus error (the difference between computed X1 and X2 of the visually-matching lights), is computed for each pair and summed over the 10 pairs, as are Delta Y and Delta Z. The often-large 10-pair total tristimulus error TTE is computed for X, Y, or Z. For example TTEx is the sum of the ten absolute Delta X's of the 10 pairs. Then ($) over bar is progressively altered in spectral shape by an algorithm that on each iteration reduces TTEx. Weighting functions (y) over bar and (z) over bar are altered in turn. Reduction to 1-3%, of the TTE initially associated with the CIE weighting function, is achieved in this preliminary work. The changes in shape of the resulting functions are discussed. The simpler term "weighting function" is used rather than "color- matching function" for these, and it is recognized that, when finally correct, these functions should represent the three spectral sensitivities of the normal human visual system.