Effect of Chemical Treatment of Teflon Powder on the Properties of Polyamide 66/Teflon Composites Prepared by Melt Mixing

Akbar Shojaei; Soheila Gholamalipour

Macromolecular Research, Vol.19, No.6, 613-621, June, 2011

DOI10.1007/s13233-011-0612-7 Export Citation

Effect of Chemical Treatment of Teflon Powder on the Properties of Polyamide 66/Teflon Composites Prepared by Melt Mixing

Akbar Shojaei^†, and Soheila Gholamalipour

Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P. O. Box 11155-9465, Tehran, Iran

E-mail:

The surface defluorination of Teflon in powdery form was performed using a chemical treatment. The reaction parameters including the reaction time, sodium, naphthalene concentrations were optimized using a Taguchi method to obtain maximum functionality on the particles surface. The surface functionality of the treated particles was analyzed by FTIR, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and surface energy. Both treated (g-PTFE) and untreated (PTFE) Teflon were added to polyamide 66 (PA66) at various loadings up to 6 wt%. Mechanical, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tribological analyses for different PA66/Teflon composites were carried out. The chemical treatment enhanced the surface energy and polarity of Teflon and facilitated the breakdown of agglomerates leading to a uniform dispersion of g-PTFE and improved interaction with the PA66. Accordingly, PA66/g-PTFE showed better mechanical properties at a higher Teflon content with respect to PA66/PTFE composites. DSC showed that Teflon had no effect on the temperature and enthalpy of crystallization. In addition, g-PTFE decreased the friction coefficient of PA66 and improved the wear resistance considerably compared to untreated Teflon.

Keywords:polyamide;teflon;defluorination;polymer composite.

[References]

VanDeVelde F, De Baets P, Wear, 209, 106 (2000)
Chen YK, Kukureka SN, Hooke CJ, Rao M, J. Mater. Sci., 35(5), 1269 (2000)
Lancaster JK, Tribology, 12, 219 (1973)
Jia BB, Li TS, Liu XJ, Cong PH, Wear, 262, 1353 (2007)
Bely VA, Sviridenok A, Petrokovets MI, Savkin VG, Friction and wear of polymer based materials, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982, vol. 235.
Lehmann D, Hupfer B, Lappan U, Pompe G, Hassler L, Jehnichen D, Janke A, Geissler U, Reinhardt R, Lunkwitz K, Franke R, Kunze K, Des. Monomers Polym., 5, 317 (2002)
Franke R, Lehmann D, Kunze K, Wear, 262, 242 (2007)
Bahadur S, Palabiyik M, Wear, 253, 369 (2002)
Franke R, Haase I, Lehmann D, Hupfer B, Janke A, Wear, 262, 958 (2002)
Zhao R, Luo W, Xiao H, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 16, 498 (2006)
Song R, Yang DB, He LH, Yao GT, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 45(2), 138 (2007)
Nishioka A, Matsumae K, Watanabe M, Tajima M, Owaki M, J. Appl. Sci., II(4), 114 (1959)
Kang ET, Zhang Y, Adv. Mater., 12(20), 1481 (2000)
Benderly AA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 6, 221 (1962)
Rye RR, Howard AJ, Ricco AJ, Thin Solid Films, 262(1-2), 73 (1995)
Sun W, Chen YW, Deng QL, Chen L, Zhou L, Appl. Surf. Sci., 253(2), 983 (2006)
Boittiaux V, Boucetta F, Combellas C, Kanoufi F, Thiebault A, Delamar M, Bertrand P, Polymer, 40(8), 2011 (1999)
Roy RK, A Primer on the Taguchi Method, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, New York, 1990.
Kwong HY, Wong MH, Wong YW, Wong KH, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 15, 215 (2007)
Owens D, Wendt RC, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 13, 1741 (1969)
Pukanszky B, Fekete E, Adv. Polym. Sci., 139, 110 (1999)
Wu S, Polymer interface and adhesion, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1982.
Song R, Zhao J, Stamm M, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 289, 1053 (2004)
Brandrup J, Immergut EH, Grulke EA, Polymer handbook, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, 1999.
Friedrich K, Ed., Friction and wear of polymer composites (composite materials series; 1), Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1986.

[1] VanDeVelde F, De Baets P, Wear, 209, 106 (2000)

[2] Chen YK, Kukureka SN, Hooke CJ, Rao M, J. Mater. Sci., 35(5), 1269 (2000)

[3] Lancaster JK, Tribology, 12, 219 (1973)

[4] Jia BB, Li TS, Liu XJ, Cong PH, Wear, 262, 1353 (2007)

[5] Bely VA, Sviridenok A, Petrokovets MI, Savkin VG, Friction and wear of polymer based materials, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982, vol. 235.

[6] Lehmann D, Hupfer B, Lappan U, Pompe G, Hassler L, Jehnichen D, Janke A, Geissler U, Reinhardt R, Lunkwitz K, Franke R, Kunze K, Des. Monomers Polym., 5, 317 (2002)

[7] Franke R, Lehmann D, Kunze K, Wear, 262, 242 (2007)

[8] Bahadur S, Palabiyik M, Wear, 253, 369 (2002)

[9] Franke R, Haase I, Lehmann D, Hupfer B, Janke A, Wear, 262, 958 (2002)

[10] Zhao R, Luo W, Xiao H, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 16, 498 (2006)

[11] Song R, Yang DB, He LH, Yao GT, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 45(2), 138 (2007)

[12] Nishioka A, Matsumae K, Watanabe M, Tajima M, Owaki M, J. Appl. Sci., II(4), 114 (1959)

[13] Kang ET, Zhang Y, Adv. Mater., 12(20), 1481 (2000)

[14] Benderly AA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 6, 221 (1962)

[15] Rye RR, Howard AJ, Ricco AJ, Thin Solid Films, 262(1-2), 73 (1995)

[16] Sun W, Chen YW, Deng QL, Chen L, Zhou L, Appl. Surf. Sci., 253(2), 983 (2006)

[17] Boittiaux V, Boucetta F, Combellas C, Kanoufi F, Thiebault A, Delamar M, Bertrand P, Polymer, 40(8), 2011 (1999)

[18] Roy RK, A Primer on the Taguchi Method, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, New York, 1990.

[19] Kwong HY, Wong MH, Wong YW, Wong KH, Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 15, 215 (2007)

[20] Owens D, Wendt RC, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 13, 1741 (1969)

[21] Pukanszky B, Fekete E, Adv. Polym. Sci., 139, 110 (1999)

[22] Wu S, Polymer interface and adhesion, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1982.

[23] Song R, Zhao J, Stamm M, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 289, 1053 (2004)

[24] Brandrup J, Immergut EH, Grulke EA, Polymer handbook, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, 1999.

[25] Friedrich K, Ed., Friction and wear of polymer composites (composite materials series; 1), Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1986.