화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.107, 118-125, March, 2022
DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2021.11.036  Export Citation
Synergistic effect of KCl mixing and melamine/urea mixture in the synthesis of g-C3N4 for photocatalytic removal of tetracycline
Chechia Hu1, 2, †, Zhi-Ting Liu2, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin3, †, Wei-Han Wei1, 4, and Ke-Hsuan Wang5
  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Daan Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
  • 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli Dist., Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
  • 3Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture & Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung City 250, Taiwan
  • 4, Taiwan
  • 5Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
E-mail:,
To prepare g-C3N4 for photocatalytic tetracycline (TC) removal, KCl was employed to mix with or cover the top of the precursors, namely, melamine and urea. The mixing of KCl with the precursor will result in the incorporation of KCl within the layer structure of g-C3N4, whereas KCl covering the top might not have such an effect. Different precursor ratios contributed to the formation of heptazine-rich or triazine-rich units in the g-C3N4 structure. Melamine applied alone as a precursor will undergo a phase transformation into melam and triazine-rich g-C3N4, whereas with the addition of urea, the mixture will polymerize to form melem and heptazine-rich g-C3N4. The KCl-incorporated, heptazine-rich g-C3N4 (KCN80m) exhibited an improved photocatalytic activity for TC removal (greater than 80% during a 120-min period for 50 mL of a 20-ppm TC solution). The enhanced activity can be attributed to the improved charge separation through an electron and hole transfer through the K+ and Cl- sites, respectively; the formation of a nanojunction between the triazine and heptazine units of g-C3N4; an increased number of photoexcited electrons, indicated by the electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy results. We varied the mixing conditions of KCl and precursor ratio to synthesize different KCl-incorporated heptazine-rich g-C3N4 samples for effective removal of TC from water through photocatalysis.
Keywords:KCl;Melamine;Urea;g-C3N4;Tetracycline;Photocatalysis
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