Korean Journal of Rheology, Vol.11, No.2, 143-152, June, 1999
반고형 식품류의 정상유동특성 및 동적 점탄성
Steady Shear Flow and Dynamic Viscoelastic Properties of Semi-Solid Food Materials
초록
본 연구에서는 Rheometrics Fluids Spectrometer(RFS Ⅱ)를 사용하여 세 종류의 상용 반고형 식품(마요네즈, 토마토 케찹, 와사비)의 정상유동특성 및 소진폭 전단변형하에서의 동적 점탄성을 광범위한 전단속도와 각주파수 영역에서 측정하였다. 이들 측정 결과로부터 정상유동특성의 전단속도 의존성 및 동적 점탄성의 각주파수 의존성을 보고하였다. 그리고 항복응력의 항을 갖는 몇 가지 점소성 유동모델을 사용하여 정상유동특성을 정량적으로 평가하고 이들 모델의 적용성을 비교·검증하였다. 나아가서 수정된 형태의 지수법칙 관계식을 도입하여 정상유동특성(비선형 거동)과 동적 점탄성(선형 거동)간의 상관관계에 대해 검토하였다. 이상의 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1)반고형 식품류는 상당한 크기의 항복응력을 갖는 점소성 물질로서 전단속도가 증가할수록 정상류점도가 급격히 감소하는 shear-thinning 거동을 나타낸다. (2)Herschel-Bulkley 모델, Mizrahi-Berk 모델 및 Heinz-Casson 모델은 반고형 식품류의 정상유동거동을 잘 기술할 수 있다. 이들 중에서도 Heinz-Casson 모델이 가장 우수한 적용성을 갖는다. (3)반고형 식품류는 임계 전단속도를 경계로 shear-thinning 특성이 변화한다. 즉 낮은 전단속도에 비해 높은 전단속도 영역에서 분산입자 응집체의 구조파괴가 더욱 활발하게 진행되어 보다 현저한 shear-thinning 특성이 나타난다. (4)저장탄성률 및 손실탄성률은 양자 모두 각주파수가 증가할수록 점차로 증가하나 각주파수 의존성은 그다지 크지 않다. 또한 광범위한 각주파수 영역에서 탄성적 성질이 점성적 성질에 비해 보다 우세하게 나타난다. (5)정상류점도, 동적점도 및 복소점도는 모두 power-law 모델의 거동을 잘 만족한다. 또한 정상유동특성과 동적 점탄성간의 상관관계는 수정된 형태의 지수법칙 관계식에 의해 잘 기술될 수 있다.
Using a Rheometrics Fluids Spectrometer(RFS Ⅱ), the steady shear flow and the small-amplitude dynamic viscoelastic properties of three kinds of semi-solid food materials(mayonnaise, tomato ketchup, and wasabi) have been measured over a wide range of shear rates and angular frequencies. The shear rate dependence of steady flow behavior and the angular frequency dependence of dynamic viscoelastic behavior were reported from the experimentally measured data. In addition, some viscoplastic flow models with a yield stress term were employed to made a quantitative evaluation of the steady flow behavior, and the applicability of these models was also examined in detail. Furthermore, the correlations between steady shear flow(nonlinear behavior) and dynamic viscoelastic(linear behavior) properties were discussed using the modified power-law flow equations. Main results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows : (1)Semi-solid food materials are regarded as viscoplastic fluids having a finite magnitude of yield stress, and their flow behavior shows shear-thinning characteristics, exhibiting a decrease in steady flow viscosity with increasing shear rate. (2) The Herschel-Bulkley, Mizrahi-Berk, and Heinz-Casson models are all applicable to describe the steady flow behavior of semi-solid food materials. Among these models, the Heinz-Casson model has the best validity. (3) Semi-solid food materials show a stronger shear-thinning behavior at shear rate region higher than a critical shear rate where a more progressive structure breakdown takes place. (4) Both the storage and loss moduli are increased with increasing angular frequency, but they have a slight dependence on angular frequency. The elastic behavior is dominant to the viscous behavior over a wide range of angular frequencies. (5) All of the steady flow, dynamic, and complex viscosities are well satisfied with the power-law model behavior. The relationships between steady shear flow and dynamic viscoelastic properties can well be described by the modified forms of the power-law flow equations.
Keywords:Semi-solid food material;Steady shear flow properties;Dynamic viscoelastic properties;Viscoplastic flow model;Yield stress;Shear-thinning behavior;Herschel-Bulkley model;Mizrahi-Berk model;Heinz-Casson model;Modified power-law flow equation
- Shoemaker CF, Figoni PI, Food Technol., 49, 110 (1984)
- Paredes MDC, Rao MA, Bourne MC, J. Texture Stud., 19, 247 (1988)
- Tanglertpaibul T, Rao MA, J. Food Sci., 52, 141 (1987)
- Aguilar C, Rizvi SSh, Ramirez JF, Inda A, J. Texture Stud., 22(59), 85 (1991)
- Shukla A, Rizvi SSH, J. Food Sci., 60, 902 (1995)
- Rao MA, Cooley HJ, Nogueira JN, McLellan MR, J. Food Sci., 51, 176 (1986)
- Rani U, Bains GS, J. Texture Stud., 18, 125 (1987)
- Phan-Thien N, Safari-Ardi M, J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech., 74(1), 137 (1998)
- Lee CH, Korean J. Rheol., 2(1), 1 (1990)
- Rao MA, Cooley HJ, J. Food Process Eng., 6, 159 (1983)
- De Kee D, Code RK, Turcotte G, J. Rheol., 27, 581 (1983)
- Dervisoglu M, Kokini JL, J. Food Sci., 51, 541 (1986)
- Ofoli RY, Morgan RG, Steffe JF, J. Texture Stud., 18, 213 (1987)
- Dus SJ, Kokini JL, J. Rheol., 34, 1069 (1990)
- Nhan PT, SafariArdi M, MoralesPatino A, Rheol. Acta, 36(1), 38 (1997)
- Szczesniak AS, J. Food Sci., 28, 410 (1963)
- Shama R, Sherman P, J. Texture Stud., 4, 11 (1978)
- Kokini JL, Dickie AM, J. Texture Stud., 12, 539 (1981)
- Dickie AM, Kokini JL, J. Food Sci., 48, 57 (1983)
- Song KW, Chang GS, Kim CB, Lee JO, Paik JS, J. Korean Fiber Soc., 33, 1083 (1996)
- Barnes MA, Walters K, Rheol. Acta, 24, 323 (1985)
- Hartnett JP, Hu RYZ, J. Rheol., 33, 671 (1989)
- Astarita G, J. Rheol., 34, 275 (1990)
- Evans ID, J. Rheol., 36, 1313 (1992)
- Astarita G, J. Rheol., 36, 1317 (1992)
- Schurz J, J. Rheol., 36, 1319 (1992)
- Giboreau A, Cuvelier G, Launay B, J. Texture Stud., 25, 119 (1994)
- Bingham EC, "Fluidity and Plasticity," McGraw-Hill, New York (1922)
- Casson N, "Rheology of Disperse Systems," ed., by C.C. Mill, Pergamon Press, London, p. 84 (1959)
- Herschel WH, Bulkley R, Proc. ASTM, 26, 621 (1926)
- Mizrahi S, Berk Z, J. Texture Stud., 1, 342 (1970)
- Mizrahi S, Berk Z, J. Texture Stud., 3, 69 (1972)
- Vocadlo JJ, Charles ME, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 49, 576 (1971)
- Vocadlo JJ, Charles ME, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 51, 116 (1973)
- Heinz W, Materialprufung, 1, 311 (1959)
- Rao MA, Cooley HJ, J. Texture Stud., 23, 415 (1992)
- Munoz J, Sherman P, J. Texture Stud., 21, 411 (1990)
- Guerrero AF, Ball HR, J. Texture Stud., 25, 363 (1994)
- DeWitt TW, J. Appl. Phys., 26, 889 (1955)
- Markovitz H, Williamson RB, Trans. Soc. Rheol., 1, 25 (1957)
- Wales JLS, den Otter JL, Rheol. Acta, 9, 115 (1970)
- Cox WP, Merz EH, J. Polym. Sci., 28, 619 (1958)
- Graessley WW, Adv. Polym. Sci., 16, 1 (1974)
- Ortiz M, Dekee D, Carreau PJ, J. Rheol., 38(3), 519 (1994)
- Bistany KL, Kokini JL, J. Texture Stud., 14, 113 (1983)
- Bistany KL, Kokini JL, J. Rheol., 27, 605 (1983)