Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Electrolytes Containing Phenothiazine-Based Click Polymers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications

Myungkwan Song; Jin Su Park; Yeol Ho Kim; Md. Anwarul Karim; Sung-Ho Jin; Ryang So Ree; Young Rae Cho; Yeong-Soon Gal; Jae Wok Lee

Macromolecular Research, Vol.19, No.7, 654-659, July, 2011

DOI10.1007/s13233-011-0702-6 Export Citation

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Electrolytes Containing Phenothiazine-Based Click Polymers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications

Myungkwan Song, Jin Su Park, Yeol Ho Kim, Md. Anwarul Karim, Sung-Ho Jin^†, Ryang So Ree¹, Young Rae Cho², Yeong-Soon Gal³, and Jae Wok Lee^{4, †}

Department of Chemistry Education, Interdisciplinary Program of Advanced Information and Display Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
¹Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
²Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
³Polymer Chemistry Lab, Kyungil University, Gyeongbuk, 712-701, Korea
⁴Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Korea

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A new series of phenothiazine-based polymeric electrolytes were developed to obtain a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Phenothiazine-based click polymers were synthesized using Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction methods. The resulting polymers were soluble in common organic solvents and had a reasonable molecular weight. The thermal properties, emission spectra, and energy band gap of synthesized click polymers were also investigated. The polymer electrolytes were composed of iodide and triiodide redox species embedded in phenothiazine-based click polymers or polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a polymer matrix. DSSCs were fabricated with a configuration of SnO2:F/TiO2/N719 dye/polymer electrolyte/Pt devices using these click polymers or PAN as an electrolyte components and compared photovoltaic performance. The maximum PCE of the phenothiazine-based click polymers as polymer electrolytes for DSSCs was obtained 5.30% (at 1 sun). These enhanced click polymers are expected to find applications as an electrolyte component in DSSCs in the future.

Keywords:polymer electrolyte;click chemistry;phenothiazine;photovoltaic properties;dye-sensitized solar cells.

[References]

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Karim MA, Cho YR, Park JS, Kim SC, Kim HJ, Lee JW, Gal YS, Jin SH, Chem. Commun., 1929 (2008)
Karim MA, Cho YR, Park JS, Ryu TI, Lee MJ, Song MK, Jin SH, Lee JW, Gal YS, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 209, 1967 (2008)
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Van Steenis DJVC, David ORP, Van Strijdonck GPF, Van Maarseveen JH, Reek JNH, Chem. Commun., 4333 (2005)
Suh HJ, Jin SH, Gal YS, Koh K, Kim SH, Dyes Pigment., 58, 127 (2003)
Koo HJ, Park J, Yoo B, Yoo K, Kim K, Park NG, Inorg. Chim. Acta., 361, 677 (2008)

[Referenced By]

[1] O'Regan B, Gratzel M, Nature, 353, 737 (1991)

[2] Gratzel M, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 164, 3 (2004)

[3] Asano T, Kubo T, Nishikitani Y, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 164, 111 (2004)

[4] Stergiopoulos T, Arabatzis IM, Katsaros G, Falaras P, Nano Lett., 2, 1259 (2002)

[5] Kusama H, Arakawa H, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 164, 103 (2004)

[6] Kolb HC, Finn MG, Sharpless KB, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 40, 2004 (2001)

[7] Rostovtsev VV, Green LG, Fokin VV, Sharpless KB, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 41, 2596 (2002)

[8] Lutz JF, Borner HG, Weichenhan K, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 26(7), 514 (2005)

[9] Opsteen JA, van Hest JCM, Chem. Commun., 57 (2005)

[10] Sumerlin BS, Tsarevsky NV, Louche G, Lee RY, Matyjaszewski K, Macromolecules, 38(18), 7540 (2005)

[11] Helms B, Mynar JL, Hawker CJ, Frechet JMJ, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126(46), 15020 (2004)

[12] Parrish B, Breitenkamp RB, Emrick T, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127(20), 7404 (2005)

[13] Diaz DD, Punna S, Holzer P, Mcpherson AK, Sharpless KB, Fokin VV, Finn MG, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 42(17), 4392 (2004)

[14] Li HM, Cheng FO, Duft AM, Adronov A, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127(41), 14518 (2005)

[15] Zirbs R, Kienberger F, Hinterdorfer P, Binder WH, Langmuir, 21(18), 8414 (2005)

[16] Zhan WH, Wu WJ, Hua JL, Jing YH, Meng FS, Tian H, Tetrahedron Lett., 48, 2461 (2007)

[17] Karim MA, Cho YR, Park JS, Kim SC, Kim HJ, Lee JW, Gal YS, Jin SH, Chem. Commun., 1929 (2008)

[18] Karim MA, Cho YR, Park JS, Ryu TI, Lee MJ, Song MK, Jin SH, Lee JW, Gal YS, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 209, 1967 (2008)

[19] Bakbak S, Leech PJ, Carson BE, Saxena S, King WP, Bunz UHF, Macromolecules, 39(20), 6793 (2006)

[20] Kramer CS, Muller TJJ, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 3534 (2003)

[21] Van Steenis DJVC, David ORP, Van Strijdonck GPF, Van Maarseveen JH, Reek JNH, Chem. Commun., 4333 (2005)

[22] Suh HJ, Jin SH, Gal YS, Koh K, Kim SH, Dyes Pigment., 58, 127 (2003)

[23] Koo HJ, Park J, Yoo B, Yoo K, Kim K, Park NG, Inorg. Chim. Acta., 361, 677 (2008)