공용매가 첨가된 초임계유체 추출공정에서 기능성 지방산의 추출

이승범; 박경애; 홍인권

Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.10, No.3, 438-444, May, 1999

Export Citation

공용매가 첨가된 초임계유체 추출공정에서 기능성 지방산의 추출

Isolation of Functional Fatty Acid in Cosolvent Induced SFE Process

이승범, 박경애, 홍인권

초록

국내에서 생산되는 현미겨는 약 8.5∼14.7 wt%의 지질을 포함하고 있으나 지방산의 양이나 조성은 현미겨의 형태, 토질 상태, 도정과 같은 전처리나 정미도에 영향을 받는다. 현미겨에 포함되어 있는 지질은 보통 palmitic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, tocopherol, squalene 등과 같은 지방산으로 나눌 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 초임계유체를 이용하여 현미겨에서 squalene을 함유한 지방산을 추출하였으며, 각각의 공정에 ethanol을 첨가하여 초임계유체 추출을 시행하였다. 추출물은 GC-MSD로 분석을 하였고, 추출된 현미유의 양은 공정 온도, 압력에 따라 달랐으며, 조성은 초임계 이산화탄소의 환산밀도 (ρ_γ, reduced density)에 영향을 받았다. 4시간의 공정시간에 약 70∼80%의 현미유가 추출되었으며, ethanol을 첨가한 초임계유체 추출은 일반 초임계유체 추출에 비해 추출시간이 단축되며 동시에 추출량이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 용매추출 공정에서 검출되지 않았던 squalene이 초임계유체 추출과 ethanol을 첨가한 초임계유체 추출에서 추출됨이 확인되었다.

The natural full-fat rice bran is reported to contain 8.4 to 14.7 wt% lipids, but the amount and composition of bran depend on the type of rice, quality of paddy, pretreatments to paddy such as parboiling, type of milling system employed, and the degree of polishing. These lipids are usually mixtures of several class fatty acids containing palmitic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, tocopherol, squalene, etc. In this study the oil rich essential fatty acid (EFA) including squalene was extracted from the domestic brown rice bran using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and cosolvent induced SFE process, respectively. And the extracts were analyzed with GC-MSD. The extracted amount of rice bran oil was dependent upon the operating pressure and temperature, and the fatty acid composition of oil was varied with the reduced density (ρ_γ) of supercritical carbon dioxide. About 70∼80% of rice bran oil was extracted in 4 hrs. The cosolvent induced SFE process shortened the total extraction time, extracted greater amount of oil than SFE process. Especially squalene which was not found in solvent extract phase was identified in SFE and cosolvent induced SFE process.

Keywords:Rice Bran Oil;Essential Fatty Acid;SFE Process;Cosolvent

[References]

Saito M, Yamauchi Y, Okuyama T, "Fractionation by Packed-Column SFC and SFE," VCH, Chap. 9, New York, 191 (1994)
Mead JF, "Lipid," Plenum Press, 459 (1986)
Jansson JGM, Schoenmakers PJ, Cramers CA, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 12, 645 (1989)
Oostdyk TS, Grob RL, Snyder JL, McNally ME, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 31, 177 (1993)
Lin Y, Wai CM, Anal. Chem., 66, 1971 (1994)
Barton FM, "CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters," CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida (1983)
Prausnitz JM, Lichtenthaler RN, de Azevedo EG, "Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria," Prentice-Hall Inc., Chap. 7, N.J. (1986)
Angus S, "International Thermodynamic Tables of the State Carbon Dioxide," Pergamon Press, 841 (1976)
Kim HJ, Shin MO, Hong IK, Park KA, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 8(5), 860 (1997)
Kim HJ, Lee SB, Hong IK, Park KA, Sep. Purif. Methods, 15, 1 (1999)
Hong IK, Yoo KP, "Supercritical Fluid Technology in Oil and Liquid Chemistry," AOCS Press, Chap. 6, Illinois (1996)
Reid RC, Prausnitz JM, Poling BE, "The Properties of Gases & Liquids," 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 592 (1988)
Johnston KP, Penninger JML, "Supercritical Fluid Science and Technology," ACS Symp. Ser. 406, Chap. 16, Washington, D.C. (1989)
Wakao N, Kaguei S, "Heat and Mass Transfer in Packed Beds," Gordon & Breach, New York, p. 156 (1982)
McCabe WL, Smith JC, Harriot P, "Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering," 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, Chap. 21, New York (1993)
Lee JS, Jeon BJ, Jung IH, Hong IK, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 6(2), 320 (1995)
Lee SB, Seong DH, Kim HS, Hong IK, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 7(6), 1043 (1996)
Ishino T, Otake T, Okada T, Kag. Kog., 15, 225 (1951)
Evans GC, Gerald CF, Chem. Eng. Prog., 49, 135 (1953)
Dunn WE, Bonilla CF, Ferstenberg C, Gross B, AIChE J., 2, 184 (1956)
Wakao N, Oshima T, Yagi S, Kag. Kog., 22, 780 (1958)
Williamson JE, Bazaire KE, Geankoplis CJ, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 2, 126 (1963)
Wilson EJ, Geankoplis CJ, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 5, 9 (1950)
Kasaoka S, Nitta K, Kag. Kog., 33, 1231 (1969)
Upaghyay SN, Tripathi G, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 20, 20 (1975)
Kumar S, Upadhyay SN, Mathur VK, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 16, 1 (1977)

[Referenced By]

[1] Saito M, Yamauchi Y, Okuyama T, "Fractionation by Packed-Column SFC and SFE," VCH, Chap. 9, New York, 191 (1994)

[2] Mead JF, "Lipid," Plenum Press, 459 (1986)

[3] Jansson JGM, Schoenmakers PJ, Cramers CA, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 12, 645 (1989)

[4] Oostdyk TS, Grob RL, Snyder JL, McNally ME, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 31, 177 (1993)

[5] Lin Y, Wai CM, Anal. Chem., 66, 1971 (1994)

[6] Barton FM, "CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters," CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida (1983)

[7] Prausnitz JM, Lichtenthaler RN, de Azevedo EG, "Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria," Prentice-Hall Inc., Chap. 7, N.J. (1986)

[8] Angus S, "International Thermodynamic Tables of the State Carbon Dioxide," Pergamon Press, 841 (1976)

[9] Kim HJ, Shin MO, Hong IK, Park KA, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 8(5), 860 (1997)

[10] Kim HJ, Lee SB, Hong IK, Park KA, Sep. Purif. Methods, 15, 1 (1999)

[11] Hong IK, Yoo KP, "Supercritical Fluid Technology in Oil and Liquid Chemistry," AOCS Press, Chap. 6, Illinois (1996)

[12] Reid RC, Prausnitz JM, Poling BE, "The Properties of Gases & Liquids," 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 592 (1988)

[13] Johnston KP, Penninger JML, "Supercritical Fluid Science and Technology," ACS Symp. Ser. 406, Chap. 16, Washington, D.C. (1989)

[14] Wakao N, Kaguei S, "Heat and Mass Transfer in Packed Beds," Gordon & Breach, New York, p. 156 (1982)

[15] McCabe WL, Smith JC, Harriot P, "Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering," 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, Chap. 21, New York (1993)

[16] Lee JS, Jeon BJ, Jung IH, Hong IK, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 6(2), 320 (1995)

[17] Lee SB, Seong DH, Kim HS, Hong IK, J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 7(6), 1043 (1996)

[18] Ishino T, Otake T, Okada T, Kag. Kog., 15, 225 (1951)

[19] Evans GC, Gerald CF, Chem. Eng. Prog., 49, 135 (1953)

[20] Dunn WE, Bonilla CF, Ferstenberg C, Gross B, AIChE J., 2, 184 (1956)

[21] Wakao N, Oshima T, Yagi S, Kag. Kog., 22, 780 (1958)

[22] Williamson JE, Bazaire KE, Geankoplis CJ, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 2, 126 (1963)

[23] Wilson EJ, Geankoplis CJ, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 5, 9 (1950)

[24] Kasaoka S, Nitta K, Kag. Kog., 33, 1231 (1969)

[25] Upaghyay SN, Tripathi G, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 20, 20 (1975)

[26] Kumar S, Upadhyay SN, Mathur VK, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 16, 1 (1977)