화재 시 가연성 물질의 연기 위험성 평가

정영진; 진의; Yeong-Jin Chung; Eui Jin

Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol.31, No.3, 277-283, June, 2020

DOI10.14478/ace.2020.1024 Export Citation

화재 시 가연성 물질의 연기 위험성 평가

Assessment of Smoke Risk of Combustible Materials in Fire

정영진 ^†, 진의¹

강원대학교 소방방재공학과
¹강원대학교 소방방재연구센터

Yeong-Jin Chung^†, and Eui Jin¹

Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do 25949, Korea
¹Fire & Disaster Prevention Research Center, Kangwon National University, Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do 25913, Korea

E-mail:

초록

본 연구는 건자재용 목재의 연기 유해성평가에 대하여 연기성능지수-II (SPI-II), 연기성장지수-II (SGI-II)를 중심으로 조사하였다. 시험편은 삼나무, 가문비나무, 나왕, 적송을 사용하였다. 연기 특성은 시험편 목재에 대하여 콘칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1) 장비를 이용하여 조사하였다. 연소반응 후 측정된 연기성능지수-II는 적송을 기준으로 1.31~2.15배 증가 하였다. 연기성능지수-II에 의한 화재위험성은 가문비나무, 나왕, 삼나무, 적송의 순서로 증가하였다. 연기성장지수-II 는 삼나무를 기준으로 1.18~2.55배 증가하였다. 연기성장지수-II에 의한 화재위험성은 삼나무, 가문비나무, 나왕, 적송의 순서로 높아졌다. CO 평균농도는 59~133 ppm이었으며 이 결과는 미국직업안전위생관리국(occupational safety and health administration, OSHA)의 허용기준(permissible exposure limits, PEL)인 50 ppm 보다 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 적송과 같이 휘발성 유기물질을 다랑 함유한 목재는 연기성능지수-II가 낮고, 연기성장지수-II가 높으므로 화재로 인한 연기유해성이 높은 것으로 이해된다.

The smoke hazard assessment of building materials focusing on smoke performance index-II (SPI-II) and smoke growth index-II (SGI-II) was investigated. The test species used were Japanese cedar, spruce, lauan, and red pine. The smoke characteristics of wood specimen were investigated using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). SPI-II was measured after the combustion reaction increased by 1.31~2.15 times based on red pine. The fire risk by SPI-II increased in the order of spruce, lauan, Japanese ceda, and red pine. SGI-II increased by 1.18~2.55 times compared to that of Japnese ceda. The fire risk caused by SGI-II increased in the order of Japanese ceda, spruce, lauan, and red pine. COmean concentrations were ranged from 58 to 133 ppm, which was higher than permissible exposure limits of the occupational safety and health administration (OSHA), 50 ppm. Therefore, woods such as red pine containing various volatile organic substances, were considered to be highly smoke hazardous due to low SPI-II and high SGI-II.

Keywords:Wood species;Smoke performance index-II (SPI-II);Smoke growth index-II (SGI-II);COmean concentrations

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[Referenced By]

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[1] Kim TS, Kim YS, Yoon CK, Chung YJ, The Guide of Fire Investigation, 77-98, Kimoondang, Seoul, Korea (2009).

[2] Park HJ, Kim H, Ha DM, J. KOSOS., 20, 98 (2005)

[3] Grexa O, The Proceedings of Wood & Fire Safety(part one), 101-110 (2000).

[4] Spearpoint MJ, Quintiere JG, Fire Safety J., 36, 391 (2001)

[5] Boonmee N, Quintiere JG, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 30, 2303-2310 (2005).

[6] White RH, Dietenberger MA, Wood Handbook, Forest Service Madison, Wisconsin, USA (1999).

[7] Shen G, Tao S, Wei S, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang B, Li W, et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8123 (2012)

[8] Shen G, Tao S, Wei S, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang B, Li W, et al., Environ. Pollution, 169, 160 (2012)

[9] Shen G, Tao S, Wei S, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Shen H, et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 2998 (2013)

[10] ISO 5660-1, heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) and smoke production rate (dynamic measurement), Genever, Switzerland (2015).

[11] Tawiah B, Yu B, Yuen RKK, Hu Y, Wei R, Xin JH, Fei B, Carbon, 150, 8 (2019)

[12] Yan L, Xu Z, Deng N, Prog. Org., 135, 123 (2019)

[13] Fateh T, Rogaume T, Luche J, Richard F, Jabou F, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 107, 87 (2014)

[14] Chung YJ, Jin E, Appl. Chem. Eng., 29(6), 670 (2018)

[15] Simpso WT, Wood Handbook-Wood as an Engineering Material, 1-21, Forest Product Laboratory U.S.D.A., Forest Service Madison, Wisconsin, USA (1987).

[16] Yoo TY, You JS, Chung YJ, Fire Sci. Eng., 31, 37 (2017)

[17] Chung YJ, J. Korean Forest Soc., 99, 96 (2010)

[18] Quintire JG, Cengage Learning, Delmar, USA (1998).

[19] Chung YJ, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16(1), 15 (2010)

[20] Lee B, Kim H, Kim S, Kim H, Lee B, Deng Y, Feng Q, Luo J, Constr. Build. Mater., 25, 7 (2011)

[21] Pearce FM, Khanna YP, Raucher D, Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials, Academic press, New York, USA (1981).

[22] Wang Q, Li J, Winandy J, Wood Sci. Technol., 38, 375 (2004)

[23] Risholm-Sundman M, Lundgren M, Vestine E, Herder P, Holz Roh. Werkst., 56, 125 (1998)

[24] Wang B, Tang Q, Hong N, Song L, Wang L, Shi Y, Hu Y, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 3, 3754 (2011)

[25] Jiao C, Chen X, Zhang J, J. Fire Sci., 27, 465 (2009)

[26] OHSA, Carbon monoxide, OSHA fact sheet, United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 14, USA (2009).

[27] OHSA, Carbon Dioxide, Toxicological review of selected chemchemicals, final rule on air comments project, OHSA’s Comments, January 19, USA (1989).

[28] MSHA, Carbon Monoxide, MSHA’s Occupational Illness and Injury Prevention Program Topic, U. S. Department of Labor, USA (2015).