화재 시 연소성 물질에 대한 화재 위험성 등급 평가

정영진; 진의; Yeong-Jin Chung; Eui Jin

Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol.32, No.1, 75-82, February, 2021

DOI10.14478/ace.2020.1103 Export Citation

화재 시 연소성 물질에 대한 화재 위험성 등급 평가

Rating Evaluation of Fire Risk for Combustible Materials in Case of Fire

정영진 ^†, 진의¹

강원대학교 소방방재공학과
¹강원대학교 소방방재연구센터

Yeong-Jin Chung^†, and Eui Jin¹

Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, Korea
¹Fire & Disaster Prevention Research Center, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, Korea

E-mail:

초록

본 연구는 건자재용 목재 및 플라스틱의 화재위험성 평가에 대하여 새로 고안된 화재성능지수-III (FPI-III), 화재성장지수-III (FGI-III), 화재위험성지수-IV (FRI-IV)를 중심으로 조사하였다. 시험편은 삼나무, 적송, PMMA, PVC를 사용하였다. 화재 특성은 시험편에 대하여 콘칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1) 장비를 이용하여 조사하였다. 연소반응 후 측정된 화재성 능지수-III는 PMMA를 기준으로 1.0~15.0으로 나타났다. 화재성능지수-III에 의한 화재위험성은 PVC, 적송, 삼나무, PMMA 순서로 증가하였다. 화재성장지수-III는 PMMA를 기준으로 0.5~3.3으로 나타났다. 화재성장지수-III에 의한 화재 위험성은 PVC, PMMA, 적송, 삼나무의 순서로 증가하였다. 모든 시편의 CO 피크농도는 106~570 ppm으로 측정되었다. 결론적으로 체적밀도가 낮은 삼나무와 PMMA와 같이 휘발성 유기물질을 다량 함유한 재료는 화재성능지수-III가 낮고, 화재성장지수-III가 높으므로 화재로 인한 화재위험성이 높은 것으로 이해된다. 이는 화재위험성지수-IV와 일치하였다.

This study investigated the fire risk assessment of woods and plastics for construction materials, focusing on the fire performance index-III (FPI-III), fire growth index-III (FGI-III), and fire risk index-IV (FRI-IV) by a newly designed method. Japanese cedar, red pine, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were used as test pieces. Fire characteristics of the materials were investigated using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) equipment. The fire performance index-III measured after the combustion reaction was found to be 1.0 to 15.0 with respect to PMMA. Fire risk by fire performance index-III increased in the order of PVC, red pine, Japanese cedar, and PMMA. The fire growth index-III was found to be 0.5 to 3.3 based on PMMA. Fire risk by fire growth index-III increased in the order of PVC, PMMA, red pine, and Japanese cedar. COpeak concentrations of all specimens were measured between 106 and 570 ppm. In conclusion, it is understood that Japanese cedar with a low bulk density and PMMA containing a large amount of volatile organic substances have a low fire performance index-III and high fire growth index-III, and thus have high fire risk due to fire. This was consistent with the fire risk index-IV.

Keywords:Wood;Plastic;Fire performance index-III (FPI-III);Fire growth index-III (FGI-III);Fire risk index-IV (FRI-IV)

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[Referenced By]

[Related Articles]

[1] Kim TS, Kim YS, Yoon CK, Chung YJ, The Guide of Fire Investigation, 77-98, Kimoondang, Seoul, Korea (2009).

[2] Park HJ, Kim H, Ha DM, J. KOSOS., 20, 98 (2005)

[3] Grexa O, Flame retardant treated wood products, The Proceedings of Wood & Fire Safety (part one), 101-110 (2000).

[4] Vahabi H, Kandola BK, Saeb MR, Polymers, 11, 407 (2019)

[5] Sonnier R, Viretto A, Dumazert L, Gallard B, Combust. Flame, 169, 1 (2016)

[6] Lyon RE, Janssens ML, Polymer Flammability, Washington DC, USA (2005).

[7] White RH, Dietenberger MA, Forest Product Laboratory U.S.D.A., Forest Service Madison, Wisconsin, USA (1999).

[8] Shen G, Tao S, Wei S, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang B, Li W, et al., Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 8123 (2012)

[9] Ding J, Zhong J, Yang Y, Li B, Shen G, Su Y, Wang C, Environ. Pollution., 169, 160 (2012)

[10] Shi L, Chew MYL, Fire Safety J., 61, 243 (2013)

[11] ISO 5660-1, Reaction-to-fire tests-heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate-part 1, Geneva, Switzerland (2015).

[12] Tawiah B, Yu B, Yuen RKK, Hu Y, Wei R, Xin JH, Fei B, Carbon, 150, 8 (2019)

[13] Yan L, Xu Z, Deng N, Prog. Org. Coat., 135, 123 (2019)

[14] Fateh T, Rogaume T, Luche J, Richard F, Jabou F, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 107, 87 (2014)

[15] Chung YJ, Jin E, Appl. Chem. Eng., 29(6), 670 (2018)

[16] Chung YJ, Jin E, Appl. Chem. Eng., 31(3), 277 (2020)

[17] Simpso WT, Forest Product Laboratory U.S.D.A., Forest Service Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1-21 (1987).

[18] Silva DJ, Wiebeck H, Polimeros, 29, 1 (2019)

[19] Liu Y, Fan B, Hamon AL, He D, Bai J, HAL, 2, 21 (2020)

[20] Chung YJ, J. Korean For. Soc., 99, 96 (2010)

[21] Quintire JG, Principles of Fire Behavior, Chap. 5, Cengage Learning, Delmar, USA (1998).

[22] Chung YJ, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16(1), 15 (2010)

[23] Pearce FM, Khanna YP, Raucher D, Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials, Academic press, New York, USA (1981).

[24] Spearpoint MJ, Quintiere JG, Fire Safety J., 36, 391 (2001)

[25] Dehaan JD, Kirk’s Fire Investigation (Fifth Ed.), 84-112, Pearson, London, England (2002).

[26] Babrauskas V, Fire Mater., 8, 81 (1984)

[27] Woo TY, You JS, Chung YJ, Fire Sci. Eng., 31, 37 (2017)

[28] Jiao C, Chen X, Zhang J, J. Fire Sci., 27, 465 (2009)

[29] Fateh T, Rogaume T, Luche J, Richard F, Jabouille F, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 107, 87 (2014)

[30] Luche J, Rogaume T, Richard F, Guillaume E, Fire Saf. J., 46, 451 (2011)

[31] OHSA, Carbon Monoxide, OSHA Fact Sheet, United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 14, USA (2009).

[32] OHSA, Carbon Dioxide, Toxicological Review of Selected Chemicals, Final Rule on Air Comments Project, OHSA’s Comments, Jannuary 19, USA (1989).

[33] Purser DA, J. Fire Sci., 2, 20 (1984)

[34] MSHA, Carbon Monoxide, MSHA’s Occupational Illness and Injury Prevention Program Topic, U. S. Department of Labor, USA (2015).